Enhancement of Energy Efficiency in WSN using Sustainable Energy Aware Multipath Routing Protocol for IoT Applications

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) function as fundamental components in military applications along with healthcare operations and environmental monitoring systems and disaster recovery initiatives. WSNs experience substantial power consumption as well as security-related difficulties because they operate at resource-limited scales. The paper introduces Sustainable Energy-Aware Multipath Routing (SEAMR) Protocol which provides enhanced energy efficiency and reduced delay together with optimized data delivery capabilities. The core structure of SEAMR consists of multipath routing followed by path stability assessment then ending with residual energy optimization. The traffic load distribution occurs through multipath routing that uses link quality and bandwidth and cost metrics for path stability determination. Performance tests between SEAMR and previously available CSA and REMRA algorithms reveal substantial enhancement of results. The SEAMR protocol delivers higher Packet Delivery Ratio results starting from 92.7% at 100 iterations which reaches 96.1 % exceeding performance levels of REMRA (91.6%) and CSA (85.1 %). SEAMR achieves an overall better performance than CSA and REMRA as it maintains delays of 0.82 ms from 0.49 ms during 100 iterations of simulation. SEAMR demonstrates efficiency through its recorded energy consumption which amounts to 602 joules at 10 iterations but 799 joules at 100 iterations while CSA and REMRA show higher energy use. The achieved experimental results show that SEAMR improves network reliability because it delivers packets at better rates.