Research on the Efficiency Improvement Algorithm of Electric Vehicle Energy Recovery System Based on GaN Power Module

In order to improve the energy recovery efficiency during braking of electric vehicles, a high-frequency energy recovery system efficiency optimization algorithm based on GaN power module is constructed, and its electro-thermal coupling characteristics are analyzed through modeling, a three-dimensional efficiency response model of frequency-temperature-current is established, and a state-space predictive control and particle swarm optimization (PSO) fusion strategy is introduced to realize the dynamic adjustment of control parameters. The experimental data show that under the condition of 750 kHz and $\mathbf{6 A} / \mathrm{cm}^{2}$, the conversion efficiency of GaN module is 89.5%; under the MPC-PSO control strategy, the system efficiency is increased to 90.3%, and the thermal loss is reduced to 23.7 W; the on-resistance rises from $35 \mathrm{~m} \Omega$ to $80 \mathrm{~m} \Omega$, which causes the efficiency to decrease by 2.9%. Comprehensive modeling, control and experimental verification show that the synergistic scheduling of GaN device performance and optimized control strategy can effectively improve the operational stability and energy utilization of the system under complex thermoelectric conditions.