Energy Optimization and Dispatch Strategy of Distributed Microgrid for Rural Areas

This study proposes an energy optimization and scheduling strategy suitable for rural scenarios, addressing the challenges faced by rural distributed microgrids such as intermittent wind and solar resources, seasonal load fluctuations, and limited communication conditions. Construct a multi-objective optimization model for wind power generation, photovoltaic power generation, biogas power generation, and energy storage systems, with the core objectives of minimizing equipment lifecycle costs and minimizing renewable energy curtailment rates, taking into account power balance, energy storage charging status, and seasonal energy complementarity constraints. Design a whale optimization algorithm (KFCM-WOA) based on kernel fuzzy C-means clustering and Levy flight strategy improvement, which improves the efficiency of high-dimensional spatial optimization through population initialization optimization and global search capability enhancement; Simultaneously building a hierarchical scheduling architecture of “central coordinator edge controller” and designing lightweight communication protocols to adapt to low bandwidth and high latency communication environments in rural areas. The verification results of typical examples show that the proposed scheme significantly improves the system's economy and reliability: the comprehensive cost is reduced by 8.2 % compared to the traditional whale algorithm, the abandonment rate is controlled at 8.7%, the convergence time is shortened by 17%, and the robustness to winter load peak scenarios is improved by 47 %. The introduction of biogas power generation reduces the demand for energy storage capacity configuration by 30 %, highlighting the complementary advantages of multiple energy sources. The research results provide a solution that combines theoretical value and engineering applicability for the optimization and scheduling of rural microgrids, helping to promote the large-scale application of renewable energy in rural areas and providing theoretical support and technical paths for the construction of new power systems and rural energy revolution.