Enhancing Web Accessibility for Mathematics Through Semantic Enrichment of MathML

Mathematical expressions pose significant challenges to web accessibility, particularly for individuals relying on assistive technologies (AT). While MathML (Mathematical Markup Language) has long been a standard for representing mathematics on the web, its adoption remains limited due to inconsistent browser support. In this paper, A novel approach is introduced to enhance MathML accessibility by semantically enriching Presentation of MathML using heuristics. This enrichment generates a semantic tree embedded within the MathML structure, enabling more accurate aural rendering and improved interaction with assistive devices. The complexities of text-to-speech translation for mathematics are explored, addressing the unique challenges of rendering symbols, punctuation, and complex layouts. The proposed method ensures that all elements of the mathematical expression are preserved for both visual and aural representation, offering a more inclusive experience. Additionally, the integration of this semantic enhancement with tools like MathJax is discussed, providing a robust solution for delivering accessible mathematics content across browsers.