Beam-focusing Based Hierarchical Localization and Tracking in Angle and Range

Localization with high resolution is an essential application for use in future wireless networks, where the antennas are expected to be highly directional and therefore vulnerable to misalignment. Beam-forming with antenna arrays is already widely used, and can be used to estimate the direction of the receiver. The characteristic of beam-focusing to concentrate the power of a beam on a small area can be used to estimate the transmitter-receiver distance, and in cooperation with beam-forming, estimate the receiver location. This paper introduces a novel hierarchical localization algorithm that employs an original ranging hierarchical method that along with beam-tracking can be used to estimate the location of mobile users with adjustable resolution. The performance of the localization algorithm is presented through the probability of successful estimation, the average localization error, and the CDF of the localization error. Through various examples, it is demonstrated that the algorithm can achieve cm-level accuracy.