Comprehensive assessment of breast health and cancer awareness understanding symptom recognition and breast self-examination among women in India, Malaysia, and Africa.

Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide, with 2.3 million new cases and 670,000 deaths reported in 2022. Early detection through breast health awareness, symptom recognition, and breast self-examination (BSE) is critical, particularly in low-resource settings. This study examines breast health knowledge and BSE practices among women in India, Malaysia, and Africa. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among 69 reproductive-aged women (18–45 years) from India, Malaysia, and Africa, primarily students at Kursk State Medical University. The questionnaire assessed demographics, menstrual history, family history, awareness of breast cancer risk factors and symptoms, and BSE practices. Results: Significant regional variations were observed. African women reported higher use of imaging investigations and oral contraceptives but also experienced earlier menarche and frequent breast pain. Malaysian women had the highest prevalence of irregular menstrual cycles and identified more lumps during BSE. Indian women demonstrated greater awareness of BSE but lower adherence to regular practice. Socioeconomic status, cultural beliefs, and healthcare access strongly influenced breast health behaviors across regions. Conclusion: The findings underscore disparities in breast health awareness and BSE practices across different populations. Culturally tailored education, community-based interventions, and improved access to preventive services are needed to close gaps in awareness and practice. Empowering women with knowledge and resources can support earlier detection and better outcomes in breast cancer care.