Public Perceptions and Utilization of Community Pharmacies And Pharmacists: A qualitative study in Indonesia

Background: Pharmacists in community pharmacies are essential healthcare providers, offering high-quality and affordable drug services. However, in some countries and notably in Indonesia, they are often wrongly perceived as drug dispensers. This misconception is fueled by a low pharmacist-to-population ratio, limited counselling, and infrequent interactions with pharmacists. Understanding these perceptions is crucial for enhancing pharmacy services and ensuring communities can access quality and affordable healthcare. Objective: To assess the knowledge and perceptions of individuals regarding pharmacists and the utilization of community pharmacies in Semarang and Palembang, Indonesia. Methods: Qualitative phenomenological research was conducted using in-depth interviews. Participants were recruited through purposive sampling from Semarang and Palembang Cities from October through December 2021. The inclusion criteria: aged >18 years, having visited a community pharmacy within the last 6 months, and possessing good communication skills. The interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analysed thematically using a deductive approach guided by the KAP framework. Results: We included 22 participants in this study. Most participants recognized community pharmacies as drug shops and considered pharmacists as regular employees rather than healthcare professionals. Only a few participants had received counselling from pharmacists. Participants frequently purchased Over the Counter (OTC) medications such as analgesics and antipyretics from community pharmacies. Occasionally, they also bought antibiotics, antihypertensive, and other drugs. There are several factors that participants took into account when visiting community pharmacies such as accessibility, drug availability, and drug quality. Conclusion: Pharmacists must lead patient-centred care initiatives to address public health disparities and solidify their indispensable role within healthcare systems.