“There are Rules only for Life but not for Freedom”: Using Photovoice to Investigate Sense of Belonging of Young Refugees in Germany

This study explores how young refugees experience and create a sense of belonging in Germany, using Photovoice, a community-based participatory action research method. Twenty-eight young refugees attending an urban secondary school in Germany were invited to take photographs representing their sense of belonging. These photos were discussed collaboratively in group sessions and analyzed using descriptive thematic analysis. Four key themes were identified: (1) Building Relationships with Germans and Feeling Part of Social Groups, (2) Navigating the Future by Balancing Aspirations with Fears of Exclusion, (3) Embracing Symbols, Values, and Respect for Diversity, and (4) Finding Solace in Nature and Cultural Spaces. Belonging among young refugees is shaped by complex social, cultural, and spatial dimensions. The findings highlight the importance of fosterig inclusive environments, acknowledging symbolic representations of shared values, and creating inclusive and accessible spaces for connection and emotional restoration.