Effectiveness of low-temperature argon plasma in the treatment of dermatological diseases: a review

This review systematically summarizes and critically analyzes current evidence on the use of low-temperature atmospheric plasma in dermatology, focusing on its multimodal mechanisms of action and clinical efficacy. Unlike previous studies that examined individual effects of plasma, this review provides an integrative perspective on low-temperature atmospheric plasma as a therapeutic platform combining antimicrobial, regenerative, and immunomodulatory properties. Special attention is given to the paradoxical selectivity of low-temperature atmospheric plasma—its ability to stimulate the regeneration of normal tissues and simultaneously inducing apoptosis in pathologically altered cells. The article provides an analysis of clinical studies on the use of low-temperature atmospheric plasma in various dermatological conditions (psoriasis, acne, atopic dermatitis, vitiligo, pyoderma gangrenosum), confirming the therapeutic efficacy of the method without significant adverse effects. For the first time, low-temperature atmospheric plasma is considered in the context of skin microbiome modulation, introducing the concept of using this method not only for the elimination of pathogens but also for the restoration of microbial balance. A fundamentally novel aspect is the analysis of low-temperature atmospheric plasma for transdermal drug delivery through the effect of transient changes in cell membrane permeability. The review also highlights current limitations in standardizing plasma treatment parameters and underscores the need for large-scale randomized studies with the aim to develop personalized treatment protocols. This work provides a theoretical foundation for further research into low-temperature atmospheric plasma as a promising alternative to traditional therapeutic methods in dermatology.