Modern approaches to the treatment of psychosomatic disorders associated with chronic dermatoses: a review

Most contemporary studies indicate a high prevalence of psychosomatic disorders in patients with dermatological conditions. This article presents a systematic scientific data review of therapeutic approaches to psychosomatic disorders associated with chronic dermatoses. The review summarizes data from various studies analyzing psychosomatic aspects of psoriasis, acne, alopecia, lichen planus, and vitiligo, including stress-induced mechanisms of their development and progression, the impact of stigmatization on patients’ psycho-emotional state, as well as quality of life. Particular attention is given to nosogenic (secondary) and comorbid psychiatric disorders associated with the underlying dermatological condition, such as anxiety–depressive disorders, social phobia, and hypochondriacal reactions. The rationale for implementing comprehensive therapeutic strategies has been substantiated, including psychopharmacological interventions (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, atypical antipsychotics, anxiolytics), cognitive behavioral therapy, and psychoeducational programs. Multidisciplinary approaches to patient management are considered, integrating dermatological treatment with psychotherapeutic and psychopharmacological methods aimed at improving patients’ adaptation. The article also provides updated information on the treatment of chronic dermatoses. The scientific data search was conducted in national and international scientific databases (PubMed, Scopus, MedLine, Embase, Cochrane, Russian State Library, Central Scientific Medical Library of I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University). According to the scientific data analysis, psychosomatic disorders comorbid with dermatological diseases require timely detection and treatment. Modern approaches to the treatment of psychosomatic disorders associated with skin diseases involve comprehensive therapy encompassing both dermatological care and psychocorrectional components (psychotherapy and psychopharmacotherapy). Social support also plays an important role. The competent use of psychocorrectional methods in combination with traditional dermatological therapy significantly enhances overall treatment efficacy, improves patients’ quality of life, and reduces the frequency of exacerbations of chronic dermatoses.