Policy practice for narrowing urban–rural healthcare gaps: determinants and implementation path of the urban doctors servicing rural areas policy in Beijing, China

This study advances understanding of counterpart support policy implementation by revealing synergistic combinations of influencing factors and dynamic evolutionary paths. The findings make two key contributions. Theoretically, they provide insights for policy implementation research in non-western contexts; practically, they offer guidance for optimizing urban-rural healthcare resource allocation and provide a framework for refining targeted support mechanisms in China and similar developing countries.