Seismic surveys and the role of scientific advice in Norway

Geophysical surveys using airguns are used for both oil and gas exploration and site assessments for offshore wind development. These airguns generate intense sound which may disturb marine mammals and fish. Norwegian petroleum resources are located on the continental shelf, with ∼60–80 seismic surveys annually. These same waters are crucial spawning grounds for numerous fish populations, support a diverse marine mammal community, and underpin many fisheries. Consequently, effective management practices are essential to minimize wildlife impact. Norwegian regulators seek scientific advice from the Institute of Marine Research (IMR) regarding such potential impacts. We present the scientifically based management advice, which is accepted and followed by regulators. The basis of this advisory strategy is that critical habitats and periods are evaluated and published as “advisory maps” of areas where it is advised to avoid seismic surveys; with each map representing a 2-week period of the year. The dataset is updated annually, considering new scientific knowledge about disturbance from sound, as well as updated knowledge about distribution of animals and critical habitats such as spawning grounds. Maps are included in the application procedure for seismic surveys, ensuring that the scientific advice is followed by the industry. • Scientific advice is essential in Norwegian management of seismic surveys. • Restriction areas/periods are used to minimize ecosystem impact. • Sensitive activities such as fish spawning and baleen whale feeding are protected. • Advisory maps for each 2-week period throughout the year indicate restriction zones.