GLOBAL CITIES ADAPTIVE STRATEGY AND ECONOMIC RESILIENCE

Rapid urbanization and climate change are changing the conditions for sustainable development, which poses critical challenges for energy security and economic resilience. China and Indonesia have higher ratios of urban populations compared to the rest of the world. Cities are increasingly vulnerable to extreme weather events, shifting energy demands and infrastructure stress. This research uses a qualitative case study methodology to examine adaptive strategies for urban environments within the framework of energy transformation and ecological sustainability. The study uses theoretical approaches of sustainable development, energy security and resilience, drawing on empirical evidence drawn from China, Indonesia, and individual cities globally. The findings indicate that transformation to renewable energy reduces the risk of climate change and energy and generates jobs. The adaptation plans of city agencies should incorporate climate resiliency, new technology and inclusive planning. China’s industrial transformation and renewable energy leadership provide insights for emerging economies, including Indonesia, in how to confer urban resilience and economic benefits in the race for the global energy transition.