Seed-Associated Bacterial Endophytes Enhance Barley Growth and Mitigate Fusarium graminearum Infection

This study explores the potential of bacterial seed endophytes in promoting barley growth and suppressing Fusarium graminearum, the causative agent of Fusarium head blight (FHB). Culture-dependent and molecular approaches identified Bacillus species as predominant seed inhabitants. Selected isolates demonstrated strong growth-promoting effects on root and shoot elongation, while certain strains also inhibited fungal growth in vitro. These findings highlight the dual role of barley seed endophytes as both plant growth promoters and biocontrol agents, offering sustainable alternatives to chemical inputs.