The impact of an aging society on higher education: A study in Bangkok and suburban areas

The rapid shift toward an aging society presents profound challenges and opportunities for higher education systems, particularly in urban and suburban areas such as Bangkok and its surroundings. This study examines the multidimensional impact of an aging society on higher education, focusing on six constructs: Policy Adaptation, Curriculum Development, Infrastructure Readiness, Teaching and Learning Adaptation, Student Demographics and Behavior, and Societal and Economic Impact. Using a second-order Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), the study validates the proposed structural model, revealing excellent model fit with indices such as CFI = 0.978, RMSEA = 0.034, and GFI = 0.976. Key findings highlight the critical roles of Teaching and Learning Adaptation and Student Behavior as primary contributors to the model. The results emphasize the need for adaptive policies, inclusive curricula, and investments in accessible infrastructure to accommodate the diverse needs of an aging population. Moreover, the study underscores the importance of fostering intergenerational learning and leveraging technology to address cognitive and socioemotional challenges in older learners. By aligning higher education systems with broader societal goals, this research offers actionable insights for policymakers and educators to promote inclusivity, sustainability, and lifelong learning. The findings underscore the necessity of strategic interventions to ensure higher education systems remain relevant and responsive in the context of aging demographic transitions.