IoT-based intelligent modular LED lighting with redundancy and decentralized control for smart industrial and urban applications

This paper introduces the design and implementation of an intelligent, modular Light Emitting Diode (LED) lighting system for industrial and municipal applications, leveraging modern computer science methods and the Internet of Things (IoT). The system features power redundancy, decentralized control, and native support for Power Line Communication (PLC) and the Digital Addressable Lighting Interface (DALI) to ensure high reliability, low latency, and energy efficiency. We detail a robust communication and data transmission architecture together with sensor-driven control algorithms that enable context-aware dimming, occupancy-based scheduling, and continuous self-tuning to reduce consumption while maintaining lighting quality. Simulation studies and laboratory prototypes demonstrate marked performance gains: Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF) increases by more than 60%, reaching up to 65,000 hours, and energy savings reach approximately 30% relative to conventional deployments. The modular design facilitates phased rollouts and retrofits, while built-in monitoring, diagnostics, and predictive maintenance analytics improve lifecycle management and reduce downtime. The proposed approach aligns with smart-city initiatives and Industry 4.0 automation, providing interoperable management, centralized orchestration, and fine-grained control across heterogeneous facilities.