Self‐Assembled Multifunctional Hemostatic Coating of Polydopamine‐Loaded L‐Aspartic Acid/Graphene Oxide (PDA@L‐Asp/GO) for Photothermal Antibacterial and Coagulation Enhancement

Abstract This study develops a multifunctional hemostatic material, Polydopamine‐loaded L‐aspartic acid/Graphene Oxide (PDA@L‐Asp/GO), using dynamic self‐assembly. The material integrates efficient hemostasis and photothermal antibacterial properties. By optimizing graphene oxide (GO) concentration (40 mg·L −1 ), it achieves a high negative potential of −48.06 mV, activating coagulation factor XII and significantly reducing prothrombin time (PT:12.3 s) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT:25.8 s). Its “adhesion‐release” mechanism enables rapid hemostasis through fibrin crosslinking, followed by sustained release of active components. Upon 808 nm NIR light excitation, the material exhibits a photothermal effect (52.9 °C, 32.5% efficiency) and generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) to achieve 100% sterilization of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. In vitro, studies show excellent biocompatibility with >95% endothelial cell viability and <5% hemolysis. A mouse femoral vein model demonstrated significant bleeding reduction without tissue damage. This material's synergistic mechanisms—physical barrier formation, coagulation activation, and photothermal antibacterial activity—enhance hemostatic performance, offering potential for battlefield trauma and minimally invasive surgeries.