Comparison of Diode Lasers and Conventional Retraction Cord for Gingival Retraction: A Pilot Study

Introduction: Gingival retraction is a crucial aspect of dental impression procedures, especially in fixed prosthodontics. It involves moving the gingival tissue away from the tooth surface to expose the preparation for recording both the prepared and unprepared surfaces. The accuracy of the marginal fit of a fixed prosthesis depends upon the location of the finish line, which is essential for maintaining the health of the periodontium. Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of diode lasers as a method of gingival retraction in comparison to a conventional retraction method. Materials and Methods: The present pilot study included a total of 10 healthy patients from the Department of Prosthodontics and Crown and Bridge at Rungta College of Dental Sciences and Research, Bhilai, Chhattisgarh, India, all of whom required a single-unit fixed prosthesis. Of the 10 patients, five underwent retraction using conventional means with a retraction cord, while the other five patients received diode laser retraction before impression making. A comparative evaluation of the vertical dimension achieved was conducted for both techniques, focusing on the fit of the prosthesis and patient comfort. The data were tabulated in Microsoft Excel and analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 24 software. Independent t-tests and paired t-tests were employed for statistical analysis. Results: The patients included in this study were between 20 and 50 years of age. The mean age of the patients was 35±2 years. The change in vertical dimension from before to after treatment was significantly greater in the laser group than in the retraction cord group (p=0.014). Conclusion: Diode lasers proved to be more efficient, providing better vertical displacement and greater patient satisfaction compared to the procedure using retraction cords.