Technological sovereignty as a basic factor in the socio-economic development of the country

Aim. The work aimed to develop scientifically based approaches to the prospective policy of scientific and technological development of Russia. Objectives. The work seeks to define the role of science and technology in the global geopolitical and economic transformation; assess the results of reforms in the scientific and technical sphere and the current state of the scientific and technological complex of Russia; consider the priorities of scientific and technological development of the country at the current stage; develop proposals for improving the state policy of scientific and technological development of Russia and its legislative support. Methods. The authors applied methods of system analysis of global processes, the theory of economic structures, and the humanitarian-technological revolution, as well as data analysis methods. Results. The study revealed that the world is moving into the stage of technological globalization (Globalization 4.0t). It is argued that the existing trends in scientific and technological development, the current state of the scientific and technological complex of the country do not enable to join the ranks of technologically leading countries in the new world economic order. The current state policy of scientific and technological development requires new legislative support, including the development of a scientific and innovation code. Conclusions. The study confirmed the idea that under the new conditions; in order to join the ranks of global leading countries, special attention must be paid to the development of Russian scientific and technological complex. The fact is substantiated that the established goals of technological development can only be achieved by using an integrated, systemic approach to organizing a full innovation cycle and implementing priority projects of technological sovereignty. In order to ensure such a transition, it is necessary to develop and adopt a strategic planning document “Fundamentals of the policy of the Russian Federation in the field of formation of the national innovation system and ensuring technological sovereignty until 2040 and future trends” and the corresponding regulatory framework.