AHP-Based Analysis of Urban ParkEcosystem Services: Linking RecreationalAdaptation to Environmental Sustainabilityin Xinyang’s Yangshan Park

Objective] This study aims to establish a scientific and rational evaluation system for assessing the ecological recreation adaptability of urban parks, thereby providing a solid foundation for the planning, design, and application of ecological recreation systems within these parks.[Methods] The study employed the GST (Gray System Theory) method and the AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) method to select and compute the evaluation indices for the ecological recreation adaptability of urban parks.Internal tourists were chosen as the study subjects, and questionnaires were randomly distributed to score each index element in the evaluation.[Results] (1) Through gray screening, 15 subjective and objective indicators were determined, including the distribution density of recreational resources, species richness, etc. Six indicators (recreational resources grade, rainfall, air quality, health quality, population density, and the proportion of tertiary industry) were excluded due to their lack of direct relevance to evaluating ecological recreation suitability or their low scalability.(2) The weight ranking of the criterion layer shows that the ecological environment carrying capacity (0.5762) is the most important, indicating that in the evaluation of the ecological recreation adaptability of parks, the ecological environment status is a key consideration factor; ecological recreation behavior (0.2152) and ecological recreation resources (0.1614) follow next.The social and economic conditions (0.0472) have a relatively lower weight.(3) Within each index layer, the highest importance was assigned to the distribution density of recreational resources C1 (0.6334), the species richness C6 (0.4173) of ecological environment carrying capacity B2, the recreational space layout C11 (0.7134) of ecological recreation behavior B3, and the traffic accessibility C12 (0.5534) of the social and economic conditions