Anterior cruciate ligament injury: from biomechanism to complications of reconstruction – an overview

The aim of this study was to review the literature in order to present indications for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction surgery, the techniques of its performance, and potential complications.Indications for performing ACL reconstruction (ACLR) include knee instability and episodes of giving way, accompanying meniscal injuries, multi-ligament knee injuries, and the desire to return to a high level of physical activity, even among patients over 40 years of age.There are two main types of grafts: autografts and allografts.In the autograft group, the transplant material is most commonly taken from the hamstring tendons, quadriceps tendon, and patellar tendon.For a better understanding of the surgical procedure, this study includes photos from the ACLR surgery using hamstring tendons.The most common complication after ACLR is graft damage resulting from another knee injury.Among additional complications following ACLR, notable issues include arthrofibrosis, graft displacements, septic arthritis, and saphenous nerve injury.