Understanding Biodiversity in Togo: Unravelling Species Richness and Distribution Patterns in Tropical Ecosystems

ABSTRACT This study investigates the latitudinal patterns of species richness in tropical forests of Togo, focusing on the roles of species abundance distribution (SAD), total abundance (N) and spatial aggregation (AGG). By analysing biodiversity metrics along a latitudinal gradient, we aim to elucidate the key factors influencing species diversity in this region. Our findings reveal distinct differences between tree and herbaceous species, with tree species exhibiting a positive correlation between richness and total abundance, while herbaceous species show a negative relationship, indicating higher sensitivity to sampling effort. The study highlights the importance of SAD and AGG in shaping biodiversity patterns, with tree species benefiting from a more balanced abundance distribution compared to herbaceous species. Additionally, the research underscores the need for a comprehensive understanding of biodiversity dynamics, considering both ecological and anthropogenic influences. Despite limitations related to geographical scope and sampling methodologies, this study contributes valuable insights into the mechanisms driving biodiversity in tropical ecosystems. The results have significant implications for conservation strategies, emphasising the necessity of preserving diverse habitats to maintain ecological balance and resilience in the face of climate change and human impacts.