Modern technologies for structural stress-strain state monitoring

Automated systems for monitoring the technical condition of structures have become widespread in engineering domains where operational reliability is of critical importance. Monitoring the stress–strain state (SSS) enables timely detection of deviations in the performance of structural elements and supports forecasting of their future behavior. The main challenge lies in the complexity of developing and implementing such systems in educational and applied research settings due to high requirements for hardware components and data processing methods. The aim of this work is to generalize current approaches to the development of automated systems for SSS monitoring based on strain gauge and optical measurement principles. The review analyzes typical system architectures, provides a classification, describes sensor elements, signal acquisition and processing methods, as well as techniques for data recording and interpretation. As a result, the common features of modern approaches are identified, the potential for adaptation to educational and research tasks is outlined, and a foundation is established for further applied developments in the field of structural diagnostics.