Oral Multi-Modal Agents for Post-Operative Pain Management: A Current Concept

Oral multi-modal analgesia (MMA) involves the use of various non-opioid and opioid agents in combination to provide enhanced post-operative pain relief while minimizing opioid use and its associated risks. This approach is particularly beneficial in orthopedic surgery, where effective pain control is critical for optimal recovery. MMA strategies help reduce opioid dependence and improve overall patient outcomes. This paper will review commonly used oral agents in MMA, focusing on their mechanisms of action, efficacy, dosage, and potential side effects, aiming to provide insights into optimizing post-operative pain management.