Various Technologies to Mitigate Volume Expansion of Silicon Anode Materials in Lithium-Ion Batteries

Silicon anodes for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) offer exceptional theoretical capacity (~4200 mAh/g) but face critical challenges due to significant volume expansion (>300%) during lithiation, leading to mechanical degradation and rapid capacity fading. This review highlights recent advancements in mitigating these issues, including structural designs such as core–shell architectures, porous composites, and multidimensional encapsulation techniques that buffer mechanical stress and stabilize the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). Binder innovations and hybrid material systems further enhance electrode integrity and cycling stability. While substantial progress has been made, challenges remain in scaling these solutions for commercial applications. This paper provides insights into current strategies and future directions for enabling silicon-based anodes in next-generation LIBs.