Research Progress on the Sintering Techniques of Zirconia in Prosthetic Dentistry

Zirconia is widely used in prosthodontics due to its excellent biocompatibility, mechanical properties, and esthetic characteristics. This article reviews the fundamentals of sintering zirconia for prosthodontic applications. Various sintering techniques, including conventional, spark plasma, high-speed, and microwave sintering, are discussed regarding their influence on translucency, strength, and microstructure. This review aims to provide a comprehensive reference for the sintering methods of zirconia currently used or may be used for dental prosthodontics.