Exosomal non-coding RNA as a key mediator of ferroptosis in lung cancer

Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), particularly microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), play essential roles in the pathogenesis of lung cancer by modulating ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of regulated cell death. Given that lung cancer remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality, elucidating its molecular mechanisms is of paramount importance. Exosomes, which act as carriers of bioactive molecules, facilitate intercellular communication through the transport of ncRNAs. Ferroptosis-associated exosomal ncRNAs influence critical biological processes such as lipid peroxidation, iron homeostasis, and antioxidant defense, thereby modulating tumor progression and therapeutic outcomes. Importantly, these ncRNAs exhibit context-dependent functions, acting as either tumor suppressors or oncogenic drivers. Their dual regulatory capacity underscores their promise as diagnostic biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets. This review highlights the emerging significance of exosomal ncRNAs in ferroptosis regulation within lung cancer and discusses their translational relevance in clinical settings.