Multifunctional Physical and Chemical Stimuli Detection in Single-Module Device for Health Monitoring

Flexible multifunctional sensors that can perceive multiple human physiological and environmental stimuli simultaneously are of paramount importance for the advancement of smart health monitoring, human-machine interface, and intelligent robotics. Nevertheless, both the integration of single-function sensors into multifunctional devices and the development of single-module multifunctional sensors (SMS) remain extremely challenging due to difficulties in device structure design, functional integration, and controlled preparation of on-demand composite active materials. Herein, we demonstrate a single-module multifunctional sensor (SMS) based on three-dimensional (3D) printed graphene-based platform for the multifunctional detection of various physical and chemical stimuli that features structural and functional programmability. By integrating selected active materials into one graphene-based sensing platform, we developed multifunctional sensors with five functions that can sensitively monitor pulse rate, body temperature, sweat (Na⁺), gas (NO₂), and light (solar UV radiation) simultaneously. The programmability of the structure and function of 3D-printed sensing materials, coupled with the modular device structure design, enables the integration of diverse functionalities according to various application scenarios, thus facilitating the development of smart healthcare wearables.