Therapeutic and Functional Effects of Pilates: Evidence from Current Literature

Background: Pilates is increasingly recognized not only as a fitness practice but also as a therapeutic intervention, enhancing flexibility, muscle strength, posture, and overall physical performance. Previous studies suggest its beneficial effects in individuals with musculoskeletal disorders, neurological conditions, chronic pain, and mental health challenges. Objective: To systematically review the therapeutic and functional effects of Pilates across various populations and assess the quality of the available evidence. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted using PubMed, Google Scholar, and Embase from 2015 to 2025. Clinical, randomized, and observational studies on Pilates interventions in adults and older adults were included. Study selection followed predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, and the quality of evidence was evaluated using the GRADE system. A total of 42 studies were included. Results: Pilates demonstrated positive effects on musculoskeletal function, neurological rehabilitation, mental health, physical fitness, and injury prevention. Among pregnant women and older adults, improvements in quality of life and reduction of pain were reported. The overall quality of evidence was moderate, and study heterogeneity highlights the need for further high-quality research. Conclusions: Pilates is a versatile, low-impact intervention that supports physical and mental health. It is recommended for integration into rehabilitation programs and injury prevention strategies, with consideration of individual patient needs.