Integration of Solar Energy and Embedded Control for Autonomous Grass Cutting Robots

This paper presents the design and development of a solar-powered autonomous grass cutting robot with obstacle detection and avoidance capabilities. The system utilizes solar energy as its primary power source, reducing reliance on conventional charging and minimizing environmental impact. At its core, the Arduino Uno development board, based on the Atmega328p microcontroller, performs all control and computational tasks. An ultrasonic sensor enables real-time obstacle detection, allowing the robot to adjust its path dynamically and avoid collisions. The motor driver circuit translates microcontroller signals into precise wheel movements, ensuring smooth navigation and efficient area coverage. Control algorithms are programmed in a simplified C++ environment using the Arduino IDE. The integration of solar energy, embedded control, and intelligent navigation provides an eco-friendly, cost-effective, and sustainable solution for automated lawn care. Experimental results validate effective performance under varying conditions, demonstrating strong potential for residential and institutional applications.