Performance Analysis of Fluidized Bed Gasifier Using Computational Fluid Dynamics: The Impact of Particle Size and Air Preheating on Gas Composition

Gasification is an efficient process that converts organic and fossil fuel-based carbonaceous materials into valuable gases such as carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen, which can be used as fuel. This study aims to enhance the efficiency of the gasification process by utilizing a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model to simulate a Fluidized Bed Gasifier (FBG) system. Sawdust serves as the fuel, while sand particles form the fuel bed. The model, developed using the Eulerian-Eulerian approach, explores the effects of air preheating and variations in particle size on the composition of producer gas. By analyzing particle sizes of 0.5 mm and 1 mm at preheating temperatures of 400 K and 600 K and a velocity of 1 m/s, the study reveals significant variations in gas composition. At 400 K, the mole fraction and mass fraction of fuel gases such as CO and H₂ increase for larger particle sizes, reaching peak performance for 1 mm particles. The performance of the gasifier improved by 75% at 400 K for 1 mm particles. However, when the temperature was increased to 600 K, CO was converted to CO₂, demonstrating that higher temperatures lead to increased combustion of fuel gases. This study offers valuable insights into optimizing gasification processes for enhanced energy efficiency and gas yield in fluidized bed systems.