Preparation and Characterization of Beryllium Oxide–Diethylene Glycol Nanofluids for Enhanced Thermal Conductivity

This study focuses on the synthesis, characterization, and preparation of beryllium oxide (BeO) nanoparticles and their subsequent dispersion in diethylene glycol to form nanofluids. BeO nanoparticles were synthesized via a chemical precipitation method and calcined at 840°C for four hours. The nanoparticles were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), revealing an average crystallite size of 22.72 nm. Five concentrations of BeO nanoparticles, ranging from 0.001 to 0.005 weight percent, were dispersed in diethylene glycol using a probe ultrasonicator to form stable nanofluids. The molecular interactions within the nanofluids were studied through ultrasonic velocity, thermal conductivity, and viscosity measurements. The results demonstrate enhanced thermal conductivity at room temperature, with the highest value observed for the nanofluid with 0.001 wt% BeO, suggesting its potential for heat transfer applications. Viscosity measurements further revealed a decrease in peak values, indicating effective nanoparticle-fluid interactions. These findings offer valuable insights into the development of nanofluids with optimized thermal properties for industrial cooling applications.