Lactococcus lactis: Advances in the Genomics, Physiology, Stress Response and Biotechnological Applications

Lactococcus lactis is a focal microorganism of milk fermentation and a prototypic lactic acid bacterium broadly characterized for dairy and industrial applications.Recent research work enriched characterization of the proteome, genome, metabolic control, stress responses, and microbial cell factory potential of the microorganism.The following review comprises outcomes of a number of studies encompassing genomic and proteomic characterization of L. Lactis cells, fermentation kinetic activity, stress adaptation mechanisms, and new applications in food and biotechnology.Specific emphasis is given for new technologies for the field of gene engineering, process development for industries, and rationalized activities such as vitamin production and probiotic potential.In general, the recent accomplishments register multifunctional potential of L. Lactis and the foundation for expanded application in synthetic biology, rationalized food design, and biotechnological development.