Ramsey goodness of stars and fans for the Hajós graph

Given two graphs $G_1$ and $G_2$, the Ramsey number $R(G_1,G_2)$ denotes the smallest integer $N$ such that any red-blue coloring of the edges of $K_N$ contains either a red $G_1$ or a blue $G_2$. Let $G_1$ be a graph with chromatic number $χ$ and chromatic surplus $s$, and let $G_2$ be a connected graph with $n$ vertices. The graph $G_2$ is said to be Ramsey-good for the graph $G_1$ (or simply $G_1$-good) if, for $n \ge s$, \[R(G_1,G_2)=(χ-1)(n-1)+s.\] The $G_1$-good property has been extensively studied for star-like graphs when $G_1$ is a graph with $χ(G_1)\ge 3$, as seen in works by Burr-Faudree-Rousseau-Schelp (J. Graph Theory, 1983), Li-Rousseau (J. Graph Theory, 1996), Lin-Li-Dong (European J. Combin., 2010), Fox-He-Wigderson (Adv. Combin., 2023), and Liu-Li (J. Graph Theory, 2025), among others. However, all prior results require $G_1$ to have chromatic surplus $1$. In this paper, we extend this investigation to graphs with chromatic surplus 2 by considering the Hajós graph $H_a$. For a star $K_{1,n}$, we prove that $K_{1,n}$ is $H_a$-good if and only if $n$ is even. For a fan $F_n$ with $n\ge 111$, we prove that $F_n$ is $H_a$-good.

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Publication Details

Journal
Discrete Mathematics & Theoretical Computer Science
Published
2025-09-20
DOI
https://doi.org/10.46298/dmtcs.15817
Primary Topic
Graph Labeling and Dimension Problems
Type
article
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article

Ramsey goodness of stars and fans for the Hajós graph

Jianli He, Yanbo Zhang, H. Zeng
Discrete Mathematics & Theoretical Computer Science
Graph Labeling and Dimension Problems
article

Ramsey goodness of stars and fans for the Hajós graph

Jianli He, Yanbo Zhang, H. Zeng
article en

Abstract

Given two graphs $G_1$ and $G_2$, the Ramsey number $R(G_1,G_2)$ denotes the smallest integer $N$ such that any red-blue coloring of the edges of $K_N$ contains either a red $G_1$ or a blue $G_2$. Let $G_1$ be a graph with chromatic number $χ$ and chromatic surplus $s$, and let $G_2$ be a connected graph with $n$ vertices. The graph $G_2$ is said to be Ramsey-good for the graph $G_1$ (or simply $G_1$-good) if, for $n \ge s$, \[R(G_1,G_2)=(χ-1)(n-1)+s.\] The $G_1$-good property has been extensively studied for star-like graphs when $G_1$ is a graph with $χ(G_1)\ge 3$, as seen in works by Burr-Faudree-Rousseau-Schelp (J. Graph Theory, 1983), Li-Rousseau (J. Graph Theory, 1996), Lin-Li-Dong (European J. Combin., 2010), Fox-He-Wigderson (Adv. Combin., 2023), and Liu-Li (J. Graph Theory, 2025), among others. However, all prior results require $G_1$ to have chromatic surplus $1$. In this paper, we extend this investigation to graphs with chromatic surplus 2 by considering the Hajós graph $H_a$. For a star $K_{1,n}$, we prove that $K_{1,n}$ is $H_a$-good if and only if $n$ is even. For a fan $F_n$ with $n\ge 111$, we prove that $F_n$ is $H_a$-good.

Discrete Mathematics & Theoretical Computer ScienceVol. vol. 27:3(Graph Theory)
Openalex Percentile: Top 73%
Graph Labeling and Dimension Problems
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Ramsey goodness of stars and fans for the Hajós graph — Jianli He, Yanbo Zhang, et al. · Discrete Mathematics & Theoretical Computer Science (2025) | TGRS Research Map | TGRS