Herzberg’s Hygiene Factors and Mental Well-being: A Study of Environmental Design, Equipment, and Safety in Manufacturing Sector

Employee mental health has become a critical concern in modern organizations, particularly in labor-intensive industries such as manufacturing where physical workplace conditions can directly shape psychological well-being. This study examines the influence of physical workplace conditions, framed as Herzberg’s Hygiene Factors, on employee mental well-being in the manufacturing sector. Specifically, the research investigates three key environmental factors: environmental design, equipment and tools, and health and safety. Quantitative research design was employed through a survey conducted to nearly 480 lower management employees, with 216 valid responses collected. Data was analyzed using SPSS software to evaluate descriptive statistics and correlations outcomes. Descriptive findings indicated that employees rated all three environmental factors within the “average” category, reflecting moderate levels of satisfaction. Correlation analysis revealed strong and statistically significant positive associations between environmental design, equipment and tools, and health and safety with employee mental health. These findings highlight the importance of environmental factors, namely environmental design, equipment and tools, and health and safety, in promoting employee mental health within the manufacturing context. The study contributes to extending Herzberg’s framework by emphasizing its relevance to mental well-being and offers practical implications for organizational strategies aimed at fostering healthier work environments.