Abordaje clínico y perspectivas pronósticas en cardiopatías congénitas con comunicación interauricular y sobrecarga pulmonar: Evaluación del riesgo arrítmico en diferentes fases evolutiva

Atrial septal defect (ASD), particularly of the ostium secundum type, is one of the most prevalent congenital heart diseases, often complicated by pulmonary hypertension and an increased risk of arrhythmias both short- and long-term. This study provides a comprehensive clinical analysis of the diagnostic and therapeutic management of patients with this condition, emphasizing hemodynamic implications, disease progression, and strategies to prevent functional decline. Echocardiographic criteria, prognostic markers, and electrocardiographic monitoring tools are discussed for early detection of rhythm disturbances. Furthermore, the impact of surgical or percutaneous closure on clinical outcomes and patient quality of life is explored. Early recognition of risk factors allows for more effective therapeutic planning and personalized follow-up, which are critical to improving the long-term prognosis of these patients.