Avances farmacológicos en la prevención del daño renal inducido por medios de contraste: una revisión crítica

Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is a common complication linked to diagnostic and therapeutic procedures involving iodinated contrast agents. It represents a major cause of hospital-acquired acute kidney injury, particularly among patients with comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease. This critical review explores recent advances in pharmacological nephroprotective strategies, including the use of antioxidants, selective vasodilators, and chelating agents. The efficacy of N-acetylcysteine, statins, SGLT2 inhibitors, and alkaline solutions such as sodium bicarbonate is highlighted. Despite growing research interest, existing evidence remains heterogeneous, underlining the urgent need for standardized multicenter trials. This analysis provides a comprehensive overview of the current therapeutic landscape and proposes future research directions aimed at optimizing renal protection in high-risk clinical settings.