Evaluación crítica del perfil de seguridad en vacunas Covid-19 basadas en ARNM y vectores virales: implicaciones clínicas y epidemiológicas

This review critically assesses the safety profile of COVID-19 vaccines developed using messenger RNA and viral vector technologies, addressing both common and rare but clinically significant adverse events. Based on recent scientific literature and pharmacovigilance data, most reported effects are mild and self-limiting, such as fever, myalgia, and injection site pain. However, rare events like myocarditis, pericarditis, thrombosis with thrombocytopenia, and Guillain-Barré syndrome have been documented and thoroughly investigated. Despite these findings, current evidence confirms that the benefits of vaccination far outweigh the associated risks, particularly when compared to complications arising from SARS-CoV-2 infection. The review emphasizes the importance of ongoing surveillance and evidence-based public communication strategies to maintain trust in immunization programs.