Abordaje integral de la anemia secundaria a enfermedad renal crónica: perspectivas diagnósticas y terapéuticas en las distintas fases evolutivas

Anemia secondary to chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common and progressive complication that significantly affects patients' quality of life and prognosis. Its multifactorial pathophysiology—primarily driven by erythropoietin deficiency and disruptions in iron metabolism—requires a comprehensive clinical approach that encompasses early diagnosis and therapeutic strategies tailored to each stage of CKD. This review examines current strategies for early identification of renal anemia, including emerging biomarkers, and evaluates the efficacy of modern treatments such as erythropoiesis-stimulating agents, intravenous iron therapies, and new modulators of the HIF pathway. Additionally, the review emphasizes individualized therapy based on clinical profiles and cardiovascular risk. A timely and stratified approach can reduce complications, enhance functional capacity, and improve outcomes in this high-risk patient population.