A Robust Dual Mode Tilt Derivative-Integral Derivative Controller for Frequency Control Considering Renewable Energy Sources and Electrical Vehicle

The uncertain renewable energy sources (RES) and electric vehicles (EVs) are being incorporated into the interconnected power system more and more these days. Additionally, there is also a sudden change in the load, which causes an undesirable deviation in the frequency range, which leads to the instable operation of the power system. To overcome the frequency regulation problem, automatic generation controllers (AGCs) such as integral (I), proportional (P), and proportional integral derivative (PID) are implemented. With these conventional AGC, it is not sufficient to handle the system with more integrated RES and EVs. To tackle this limitation, in this paper, a significant and simple Dual Mode Tilt Derivative and Integral Derivative Controller (DM TD-ID) is proposed and implemented for a complex Three Area Interconnected Power System (TAIPS), considering RES and EVs. The controller parameters are tuned with the use of a powerful JAYA optimization algorithm and the Integral Square Error (ISE) criterion for 1% of step load perturbation and to verify the efficiency of the proposed controller, it is compared with other conventional-type controllers such as P, PI, PID, and Tilt Integral Derivative (TID) controllers. According to the findings, the proposed JAYA-tuned DM TD-ID controller is determined to be more effective when compared to other conventional controllers. Also, different scenarios, including sensitivity analysis and performance analysis, are conducted to demonstrate the viability of the proposed controller for the TAIPS.