Recent synthetic advances in the preparation of 1,3-thiazole compounds and their therapeutic applications in degenerative diseases

The 1,3-thiazole scaffold represents a privileged heterocyclic framework present in a broad spectrum of biologically active molecules and associated with a wide range of pharmacological effects. Consequently, there has been a significant surge in interest within the synthetic chemistry community toward developing efficient strategies for assembling this core structure. Given the growing relevance of 1,3-thiazole derivatives in modern drug discovery, this review provides an overview of recent synthetic methods for the preparation of 1,3-thiazole and its derivatives. It also briefly examines the mechanistic insights and stereo-electronic factors that influence the yield and selectivity of these transformations. In addition, the review emphasizes the application of these synthetic methodologies in the development of therapeutically relevant compounds, particularly those targeting degenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease.