Investigation of materials and corrosion characteristics of steel in crude oil pipelines

Abstract Transporting oil via pipelines requires extensive networks to deliver resources from fields to facilities. These networks are prone to damage, particularly corrosion, which can disrupt operations and lead to costly repairs, financial losses, and environmental harm. Hydrogen sulfide corrosion is referred to as sour corrosion, whereas carbon dioxide corrosion is called sweet corrosion. Carbonic acid is created when carbon dioxide dissolves in water. When metal is submerged in water, electrochemical corrosion may result. Metal may not be corroded by dry carbon dioxide alone if there is no electrolyte present (water). Understanding the causes of corrosion and pipe leakage is vital for mitigating these risks. This study examines key factors behind pipeline corrosion and leakage in crude oil transportation and proposes strategies to reduce the frequency and impact of such failures.