How to Strengthen Trust in Digital Transformation of the Court Systems? Experience from China

How to Strengthen Trust in Digital Transformation of the Court Systems? Experience from China In the 21st century, digitalization has emerged as a prominent and transformative force, reshaping nearly every aspect of modern life. The wave of digital transformation has significantly impacted judicial systems globally, with China leading this shift through the implementation of what is referred to as ‘smart justice’. This transition involves the integration of digital technologies into traditional judicial practices. While technologies offer clear benefits, including improved efficiency, transparency and accessibility, they also introduce complexities that challenge judicial trust. Trust is the foundation of any effective judicial system, and in the context of smart justice, rebuilding trust through responsible digital innovation is essential. This article categorizes the issue of trust within judicial systems by examining it through three dimensions: cognitive trust, affective trust and trust belief. It analyses the origins of the current trust challenges from these perspectives and identifies key pathways for improvement in China. Chinese courts and legal scholars have actively engaged with these challenges by exploring diverse strategies to ensure that technological adoption enhances, rather than erodes, public trust. This article critically evaluates these institutional responses and situates them within broader global discussions about digital justice. It argues that while China’s model may not be universally replicable due to political and legal particularities, it offers valuable insights into how digital transformation can be harnessed to support trust in judicial institutions. These lessons are especially relevant for other jurisdictions navigating similar digital reforms while seeking to uphold the foundational values of fairness, accountability and public trust.