A Review on Silkworm Pupae (Bombyx mori) as a Sustainable Protein Source in Aquafeeds

Aquaculture’s rapid global expansion has heightened the demand for sustainable and cost-effective protein sources in aquafeeds, traditionally dominated by fishmeal. However, reliance on fishmeal raises environmental, economic, and ecological concerns, driving the need for viable alternatives. Silkworm pupae (Bombyx mori), an abundant by-product of the silk industry, have emerged as a promising substitute due to their high protein content, favorable amino acid balance, essential fatty acids, and micronutrient richness. Beyond nutrition, their digestibility, palatability, and functional bioactive compounds further enhance their value in supporting growth, immunity, and feed efficiency in aquatic species. Processing approaches such as defatting, enzymatic hydrolysis, and fermentation can improve nutritional quality, bioavailability, and stability. Nonetheless, challenges remain, particularly regarding chitin content, product standardization, and large-scale application. Valorizing silkworm pupae also aligns with circular bioeconomy principles by transforming sericulture waste into high-value feed ingredients. This review synthesizes on the nutritional composition, processing methods, digestibility, and functional roles of silkworm pupae in aquafeeds, while highlighting future research priorities for standardization, quality control, and functional applications in sustainable aquaculture.