A Microservices-Oriented Architecture for Hybrid Renewable Energy Management and Smart Grid Resilience

The global energy transition is being defined by the integration of hybrid renewable energy systems (HRES) and the creation of intelligent smart grids.While this shift toward sustainable energy is essential, it brings new challenges, including the intermittency of renewables and the limitations of traditional energy management systems (EMS).Modern IT solutions, specifically microservices-oriented architectures (MOA) and cloud-edge computing, offer a path to overcome these issues by improving modularity and enabling real-time decision-making.This paper links these two domains, connecting traditional EMS with microservices-based frameworks to enhance renewable energy management and grid resilience.We begin by outlining key challenges: a lack of modularity, rigid centralized structures, and, crucially, the absence of robust resilience testing.Drawing on a review of over thirty studies, we explore recent advancements in microservices, HRES optimization, and cloud-edge computing.We note a significant gap in the energy sector's use of chaos engineering and failure injection methods, which have proven successful in the IT world for validating system resilience.Our findings reveal that while HRES and cloud-edge technologies are studied individually, their combined application within a microservices-driven EMS framework is largely unexplored.This review highlights the potential of using microservices to containerize EMS functions and facilitate real-time cloud-edge collaboration.It also emphasizes the critical need for advanced resilience testing to ensure fault tolerance.Future research should focus on standardizing EMS service decomposition, integrating AI-and blockchain-based coordination, and, most importantly, adopting chaos engineering frameworks to validate the resilience of future smart grids.This will create more adaptable and reliable energy management systems for the modern power grid.