Osteoconductivity and Mineralization of Different Commercial Bone Substitute Materials and Newly Hybrid Bone Substitute Material Between Xenograft and Alloplastic Material: An In-vitro Comparative Study on the Human Osteoblast Cell Line

Objectives: To investigate the effect of different bone graft substitutes on osteoconduction and mineralization in bone cells derived from the osteoblast cell line hFOB 1.19. Methods: Osteoblast cells were cultured and placed on different bone graft materials, including Bio-Oss (xenograft), M bone (alloplast), Osteon II (alloplast), HXT1, and HXT2 (hybrid between xenograft and TCP). The concentration of elements in bone grafts was analyzed by X-ray fluorescence (XRF). The vitality test was evaluated by the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay (MTT) after 1, 3, and 7 days. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was measured at 3, 7, and 14 days. Alizarin red S staining assay was performed at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. The data were analyzed using ANOVA along with Tukey's honestly significant difference test. Results: The cell viability rate was significantly higher in Osteon II and HXT2 compared to the other materials (p<0.001). On day 14, Osteon II and the HXT2 group had higher levels of ALP activity than the Bio-Oss group (p<0.05). Alizarin red assay showed that Osteon II had the highest mineralization (p<0.001) at days 14, 21, and 28, followed by HXT2 and Bio-Oss respectively. Conclusions: Osteon II, an alloplastic bone graft, and HXT2, a newly developed hybrid between xenograft and TCP, exhibited high viability rates and expression levels in mineralized tissue cells of the osteoblast cell line hFOB 1.19 in vitro.