Adsorbent Obtained from the Pyrolysis of Malt Residue

Objective: This study investigated the application of pyrolysis as a sustainable alternative for the valorization of malt residue, aiming to produce a pathogen-adsorbent material enriched with minerals beneficial to human health. Theoretical Framework: Brewer's spent grain, the main byproduct of beer production, is primarily discarded in landfills or used as animal feed, applications that underutilize its potential. This material constitutes a promising raw material for pharmaceutical and medicinal applications. Method: This work utilized Pilsen malt residue from Cervejaria Petrópolis (Uberaba/MG, Brazil), collected after mashing. The material was dried, ground, and impregnated with K₂CO₃ as an activating agent, followed by pyrolysis in a muffle furnace (5°C·min⁻¹ to 800°C for 1.5 h). The resulting biochars were characterized by iodine number, porosity analysis, and confocal surface microscopy. Results and Discussion: Microporosity increased significantly, with an iodine number of 985.7 mg/g. Pyrolysis increased total porosity by 33.9%, improving the material's structure. These modifications render the biochar efficient, sustainable, and low-cost adsorbent. Research Implications: This study presents activated carbon from malt residue as a sustainable alternative for adsorbing pathogens and toxins in biomedical applications. Tests in rats will be essential to validate their efficacy and safety, enabling their commercialization for the treatment of infections and poisonings. Originality/Value: The study confirms the efficacy of malt residue as a precursor for high-quality activated carbon. The activation process demonstrated significant potential, endowing the material with unique characteristics that indicate promising applicability in medical applications.