Monitoring of solar park "Gorna Mahala" in Plovdiv Province by remote sensing and GIS

Monitoring through satellite data, in situ (including spectrometer data, GPS, thermal camera), Open data, data from various devices and Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) in the selected anthropogenic sites is of extremely high ecological importance for tracking natural processes and the consequences of climate changes. The timeliness of the data and the spatial extent of the observed objects allow satellite information to be reliable in monitoring and making predictions about the risk and potential risk of natural disasters, rise of average air temperatures and anthropogenic pollution. Solar parks are a source of heat from their own thermal field, which is different from the natural thermal background of the environment. In some cases, solar panels might cause changes in the albedo (reflectivity) of the land, which could potentially alter local microclimates. This could lead to slight changes in temperature, which may affect local flora and fauna. Last but not least, large solar parks require significant amounts of land, which can lead to habitat destruction, especially in areas where the land is rich in biodiversity. Satellite data can collect large amounts of data in a short period of time, eliminating the need for prolonged fieldwork or expensive surveys. This makes them a highly efficient tool for gathering data in remote or hard-to-reach areas. Data from spectrometer (380-780nm) and drone data were used. Landsat sensors and data from Sentinel 3 (EUMETSAT) were used to calculate the land surface temperature of renewable energy sites such as photovoltaic parks.