Novel two-dimensional structure of MoS₂/nano-red phosphorus/graphene for sodium-ion batteries

Abstract Red phosphorus is an excellent candidate for high-energy-density sodium-ion battery anodes due to its high theoretical capacity, large working voltage, and natural abundance. However, its low electrical conductivity, significant volume expansion during sodiation/desodiation, poor rate performance, and limited cyclability restrict its practical use in sodium-ion batteries. Using the hydrothermal method, this study successfully synthesized a sandwich-shaped, two-dimensional MoS 2 /nano-red phosphorus/graphene nanocomposite. The nanocomposite network acts as an electron pathway and helps regulate the volume changes of phosphorus particles. The capacity of the MoS 2 /nano-red phosphorus/graphene nanocomposite remains high at 200 mAh g −1 after 100 cycles. The two-dimensional structure greatly enhances the electrochemical performance of red phosphorus-based anodes.