Metagenomic and Mineral Content Associations in the Gut of <i>Bos indicus</i>

The intestinal microbiota and minerals play vital roles in host metabolism and health, with minerals in the gut potentially influencing microbial activity. This study explored the relationship between gut microbiota and mineral content for understanding the holobiont metabolism. Data were generated from fecal samples collected of 52 Nelore steers (Bos indicus) under two dietary groups: conventional and byproduct. An integrative analysis using the DIABLO approach combined metagenomic and mineral data from fecal samples and identified key associations. Bacillus correlated positively with calcium which may be used as a probiotic binding mineral. Magnesium was linked to Paludibacter, supporting feed efficiency. Phosphorus showed negative correlations with Listeria, a pathogenic microorganism, and was negatively correlated with Roseburia and the archaeal Methanocaldococcus, indicating a role for dietary phosphorus in modulating methane emission. Copper was negatively correlated with Methanocaldococcus which also modulating methane emission. Sodium levels influenced aquatic-related bacteria. While this study provides valuable insights, exploring optimal mineral levels in cattle diets can refine strategies for improving health, reducing methane emissions, and maximizing productivity, thus contributing to more sustainable livestock management.